Synthesis of API’s and API’s based Derivative

implication of APIs and APIs ground Derivative human activity of Proposed ProjectEfficient synthesis of APIs and APIs based Derivative for their Structure Activity Relationship and Pharmacokinetics ProfileProject DetailsProject thicksetThis project concern with the establishment of organic synthesis facilities in Department of Chemistry, UNIVERSITY OF KARACHI. The established facilities result be used for the training of BS/M.Sc./MS/M.Phil. And Ph.D. scholars in the field of Organic Synthesis. In this project we go out focus on the establishment of synthetic organic laboratory, the synthesis of the two APIs (Secnidazole Atenolol). We atomic number 18 requiring the chase basic facilities which we want to establish by this research project.Facilities infallible forOrganic SynthesisFuming HOODs for save, non-hazardous and smooth working at the moment.Inert atmosphere working contains since umpteen organic reactions requires inert condition.Safety equipments i.e. firefighting equipments, washing shower in case of chemic accident and first aid facilities.(UPS) as regular index break pot results in the unsuccessful reactions and causing faults in the electronic instruments.UV lamp as processing of many reaction monitor under UV light.lap evaporatorPartial availability of glass wares.MAS-II Microwave workstation for repaid synthesis of genus Apis.Proposed Goals / ObjectivesHypothesis / Basis of researchThe purpose of this project is to setup a laboratory which can foundation (Organic Synthesis) and synthesize (Organic Synthesis) the APIs for the local Pharmaceutical industry along with the establishment of the required facilities.The fol upseting APIs will be synthesized.atenololEfficient Synthesis of Atenolol.Synthesis of Atenolol based derivatives for Structure-Activity Relationship Studies (severe acute respiratory syndrome) and their pharmacokinetics profileSECNIDAZOLEEfficient Synthesis of SecnidazoleSynthesis of Secnidazole based derivatives for St ructure-Activity Relationship Studies (SARS) and their pharmacokinetics profileGoals / ObjectivesBoost up economy of Pakistan semisynthetic solution for local industry.Provide sufficient amount of these drugs to common people.INTRODUCTIONAPI stands for active pharmaceutical ingredients and its covers a lot of pharmaceutically active compounds which has great importance in industry as well as to common people as the insufficiency of these drugs causes hundreds of death. Due to the importance of API we decided to work with the synthesis of API as it will create the impact of API research on national level. The synthesis of API could decrease the import bill of such active ingredient in Pakistan and also opens the prospect of job. This project could provide a platform to save the foreign currency reserves and supply sufficient amount of drugs to common people at low cost.Ours Efforts will be enabling to purpose the to a greater extent efficacious synthesis of complex molecules. In th is project we rich person design the synthesis of the following APIsATENOLOLEfficient Synthesis of Atenolol.Synthesis of Atenolol based derivatives for Structure-Activity Relationship Studies (SARS) and their pharmacokinetics profileSECNIDAZOLEEfficient Synthesis of SecnidazoleSynthesis of Secnidazole based derivatives for Structure-Activity Relationship Studies (SARS) and their pharmacokinetics profile4a) background of the Research Problems to be addressedSecnidazole (Part A)Efficient Synthesis of SecnidazoleSecnidazole is a molecule which belongs to the class of 5-nitroimidazole and it is considerably more effective than other imidazole drugs. It is the important API required for the local industry. However it has been used for the treatment of amoebiasis, giardiasis, urogenital trichomoniasis and nonspecific bacterial vaginosis and also a gel formulation of secnidazole was developed for the treatment of diaphragmontitis. . All nitroimidazoles are synthetic drugs such as metron idazole. Tinidazole, dimetridazole, secnidazole and ornidazole. Among all these we selected secnidazole because of its High efficacy. Secinidazole is the mainly use for antiprotozoal activity and its single dose possess three days anti protozoal activity.Figure 1 Chemical StructureIUPAC Name1-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl) propan-2-olFigure 2 Proposed Two-Step Synthesis street for SecnidazoleAfter observing the reaction condition and UV-Vis absorption, FTIR, ESI-MS and NMR results. The purposed scheme will be optimized.Synthesis of Secnidazole based derivatives for Structure-Activity Relationship Studies (SARS) and their pharmacokinetics profilePharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties of existing drugs can be enhanced by chemical modifications. A prodrug (drug transporter) formation is a great approach to improve and modify the physio chemical properties of the drug, boost up its concentration at the site of action, extend its period of action and decrease its toxicity. Regarding 57% of drugs approved worldwide are categorized as prodrug. Prodrugs are the reversible, inactive or less active derivatives of a drug. Prodrugs are hydrolyzed either by enzymatically or non-enzymatically to discharge parent drug while the co-drugs (mutual prodrug) are the special type of prodrug in which two or more pharmacologically active pro moieties exist via chemical bond to release two or more parent drugs upon the cleavage of bond by enzymatically or chemically. The variety of chemical linkages used in the formation of Prodrugs. Although the ester formation is common followed by imides, amide and carbamate derivative. Thats why in this project our site is to synthesize the prodrug for its break dance mode of action and their structure activity relationship and their pharmacokinetics profile.ATENOLOL (Part B)Efficient Synthesis of AtenololAtenolol (ATN) belongs to the class of drug called beta-blockers. Beta-blockers (beta adrenoreceptor antagonists) are basically belligerent inhibitor thats inhibits the action of stimulating hormones on beta adrenergic receptors in the nervous system. Atenolol works by competing for receptors sites on cardiac muscle. This slow down the strength of hearts contractions and reduce its oxygen requirements and the volume of blood it has to pump. Atenolol is one of the extensive used active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) for the treatment of Hypertension, myocardial infarction (Heart attack), Arrhythmias (rhythms disorder), Angina (chest pain) and disorder arising from decreased circulation of blood.Figure 1 Chemical Structure IUPAC Name2-4-2-hydroxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino) propoxy phenyl acetamideFigure 2 Proposed Two-Step Synthesis route for AtenololThe stereochemistry is important for any molecules. In atenolol (S) isomer is important for its activity the opposite (R) enantiomer may be responsible for the side effects. There have been considerable efforts done in the preparation of enantiomerically pure(S) c onfirmationSynthesis of Atenolol based derivatives for Structure-Activity Relationship Studies (SARS) and their pharmacokinetics profileOn the basis of the importance of prodrug (mention above part) our aim is to synthesize the prodrug for its advance mode of action and their structure activity relationship and their pharmacokinetics profile.4B.RESEARCH PLAN/ METHODOLOGY SCHEDULE/PHASINGEstablishment of Organic Synthesis Facilities In the scratch line 1st months of this project all the basic and reaction requirement apparatus and glassware will be installing.Efficient Synthesis of SECNIDAZOLE After initialization, the starting 3 months will be utilized on the proposed and modified efficient synthesis of Secnidazole to get the maximum yield of required API at stripped cost.Synthesis of SECNIDAZOLE based derivatives for SARS In the 5th and 6th month modification on the molecule of Secnidazole will be applied and study their pharmacokinetics profileSynthesis of ATENOLOL In the perio d of 7th to 9th month of the project efficient synthesis of atenolol will be doneSynthesis of ATENOLOL based derivatives for SARS In the period of 10th to 11th month of the project timeline, derivatization of atenolol will be carried out and studied their pharmacokinetics profileSummarize results and expand to late project At the end month of this project timeline a final project report will be submitted along with findings. Also discuss the achievements and problems set about during this project.4c) ReferencesSecnidazole (Part A)Larina, Lyudmila, and Valentin Lopyrev.Nitroazoles synthesis, structure and applications. New York Springer, 2009.Crozet, Maxime D., Cline Botta, Monique Gasquet, Christophe Curti, Vincent Rmusat, Sbastien Hutter, Olivier Chapelle, Nadine Azas, Michel De Mo, and Patrice Vanelle. Lowering of 5-nitroimidazoles mutagenicity towards optimal antiparasitic pharmacophore.European journal of medicinal chemistry44, no. 2 (2009) 653-659Wang, She-Feng, Yong Yin, Fan g Qiao, Xun Wu, Shao Sha, Li Zhang, and Hai-Liang Zhu. Synthesis, molecular(a) docking and biological evaluation of metronidazole derivatives containing piperazine skeleton as potential antibacterial agents.Bioorganic medicinal chemistry22, no. 8 (2014) 2409-2415.Samanta, Himadri Sekhar, and Samit Kumar Ray. Controlled release of tinidazole and theophylline from chitosan based coordination compound hydrogels.Carbohydrate polymers106 (2014) 109-120.Elias, P. curefor learny.com 2009, 1-11.Shahid, Hafiz Abdullah, Ejaz Hussain, Sajid Jahangir, and Sammer Yousuf. 1-(2-Methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl) propan-2-yl acetate.Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online70, no. 3 (2014) o294-o294.Atenolol (Part B)Chaudhari, Vilas, Syed Hussain, and Milind Ubale. International Journal of Chemical Studies.Kitaori, Kazuhiro, Yoshikazu TAKEHIRA, Yoshiro FURUKAWA, Hiroshi YOSHIMOTO, and Junzo OTERA. A practical synthesis of optically active atenolol from chiral epichlorohydrin.Chemica l and pharmaceutical bulletin45, no. 2 (1997) 412-414.Darnle, Subhash V., Prashant N. Patil, and Manikrao M. Salunkhe. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of (R)-and (S)-atenolol and propranolol employing lipase catalyzed enantioselective esterification and hydrolysis.Synthetic communications29, no. 22 (1999) 3855-3862IMPACT OF PROPOSED RESEARCHThe impact of this project will boost up the economy of Pakistan and will decrease the import bill of Pakistan and also increases the exportation. The project also aims to train the man power and create the skillful hand that can provide the better solution to our local industry. This project also creates the networking between the local industry and researcher. This project also contributes in the providing of the medicine to common people at minimum cost.Estimated Budget For The Proposed Research PeriodDESCRIPTIONPER YEARAmount (in million Rs)A. Salaries and HonorariumPI One Month/Year of Basic Pay 1040000.104 (208000) assimilator Ships 20,000.00 per month (two)4800000.48 (480000)Secretariat StaffPart-time Lab Attendant 1500 PM180000.018(18000)Subtotal (A)6020000.602(602000)B. Permanent EquipmentGeneral purpose fume hood Pkr 150,000/= (two)3000000.600(600000)The rotary evaporator r 3 focuses and accessories Pkr 150000015000001.500(1500000)Jacketed reaction apparatus Pkr 169650/= (one)1696500.1695(169650)Glassware, hotplates, stirrer, etc.2500000.250(250000)Laptop (dell core 2i)500000.050(50000)General lab update i.e. Ups and power supply solutions2500000.250(250000)Mas II microwave synthesis system $8000/= (one)8000000.800(800000)Subtotal (B)33196503.319650 (3319650)C. replaceable SuppliesChemicals and solvents3000000.300(300000)General lab expendituresmyriad00.100(100000)Spectroscopy techniques2500000.250(250000)Subtotal (C)6500000.65(650000)D. Others (Literature, documentation, information, online literature search, contingencies, postage, Local Travel Miscellaneous etc).Journal Publication Fee / Online Material (up to Rs.50,000)500000.050(50000)Stationary/Contingency (10,000/- per year)100000.010(10000)Participation in local conferences, workshops and winter summer schools by PI and students100000.010(10000)Audit Fee (Max. Rs 10,000)100000.010(10000)Accountant Fee (Max. Rs. 10,000)100000.010(10000)Subtotal (D)900000.090(90000) gilded Total(A + B + C + D)46616504.661650(4661650)JUSTIFICATIONSalaries AllowancesTwo Studentships 20,000.00 per month (PM) It is very necessary that at least two full time studentships available to students so that students can perform their work with piece of mind so that they have no make to sort part time jobs to meet their day to day expensePart-time Lab Attendant 1500 PM During period of project operations different kind of tasks are assigned to Lab Attendant in addition to their normal job responsibilities. Therefore it is justify to compensate their work with an honorarium.Permanent EquipmentThe Rotary Evaporator and accessories (one) Many organic reactions ar e in liquid pattern and require much more time to evaporate on room temperature thats why to save time and fast reaction process need rotary evaporator.General Purpose Fume Hood As many organic reaction, chemicals and solvents are hazardous to human health. For safety and precautionary step need two fuming hoodsJacketed Reaction Apparatus It is the temperature control apparatus. As many reaction are temperature dependent and monitor through varying temperature. to make reaction efficient we need jacketed reaction apparatusGlassware, Hotplates, Stirrer, refwork etc These are the basics requirement for organic synthesis as well as we have shortage of these basics necessitate thats why we need theseGeneral lab updates i.e. UPS and Power Supply solutions Regular breakdown of power supply has resulted in the failure of organic reactions as well as damage of electronic appliances. Therefore a need to establish backup of power supply.Expendable suppliesChemicals and solvents These play k ey role in all reaction either organic or inorganic and no one can performed reaction without this so these funding are fully justifiedGeneral Lab Expenditures these are the basic need for researcher to meet day to day expensesParticipation in local conferences, workshops and winter/summer schools by PI and students These funding are required to communicate our work on national and international level. Also learn gain information from their experience

Organisational Audit Of T Mobile Management Essay

Organisational Audit Of T Mobile Management EssayAccording to Kourdi, Business Strategy is the plans, choices and decisions used to guide a conjunction to hugeer profitability and achiever. An inspired and clearly considered schema provides the impetus for commercial success, whereas a weak or misunderstood strategy may escape to a company going out of air. Understanding what constitutes strategy is therefore critical in developing a successful business, as is avoiding the tendency to pronounce e very plan and decision strategic when most be round implementing strategy rather than setting it. Equ exclusivelyy important is for a strategy to be clear and effectively communicated to everyone with a role in implementing it, and to shargonholders and otherwise stakeholders.For the purpose of this as abbreviatement, my chosen company is the T-Mobile.History and Background of T-MobileT-Mobile UK is a joint French and German-owned vigorous vane and mobile broadband operator in th e linked Kingdom. It is owned and operated by Everything Everywhere, the UKs largest mobile network. T-Mobile UK started life as Mercury One2One, a GSM mobile network operated by the now-defunct Mercury Communications. Later known simply as One2One, it was the worlds second GSM 1800 network when it was launched in September 1993. In its final days it was operated as a joint venture between seams and Wireless and Ameri apprize cable provider Mediaone Group, which had a number of investments in Britain dating back to its days as the US West Media Group. One 2 One was purchased by Deutsche Telekom in 1999 and rebranded as T-Mobile in 2002.On 1 April 2010 Deutsche Telekom and France Telekom finalized the deal to merge their UK based operations, ca using orangeness UK and T-Mobile UK to cease to exist, although the brands was maintained for at least 18 months. On 11 May 2010 it was announced that both the Orange and T-Mobile brands would remain on British mettlesome streets, although their modernistic merged parent company will be called Everything Everywhere1.The T-Mobile brand is present in 11 European countries Austria, Croatia, Czech Re state- throwed, Germany (as Telekom), Hungary, Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, the Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia and the United Kingdom, as intumesce as the United States, Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands.Globally, T-Mobile International subsidiaries pass water a combined total of approximately 150 one thousand million abiders, making the company the worlds terzetto-largest mobile-phone serving provider by subscribers and the 3rd-largest multinational after the UKs Vodafone and Spains Telefnica.T-Mobile offers both pay-as-you-go and pay-monthly contract phones. The pay-monthly contracts consists of set amounts of minutes and flexible boosters which al broken the customer to permute them month-to-month depending on their needs. Prior to this T-Mobile had a contract option known as Flext, which gave the user a n amount of money to use for calls, texts, MMS and mobile internet as necessary. (Wikipedia, 2012)3.0 The quarrel that T-mobile is facingT-Mobile is the largest mobile service providers in UK. They are at the moment facing severe competition from other service providers much(prenominal) as 3G, Vodafone, Virgin, O2. aspiration is coupled with other purlieual factors that create a very challenging market for them. The veritable situation (Riots August 2011) in UK, the increasing debt situation in US and Europe had further worsened the business environment, which keep backs it unsuitable for business like T-Mobile to grow.The situation is quite alarming and it is high time for T-Mobile to act and fishing rig the above serious problem. In delaying to do so, would definitely give opportunity to competitors to take the lead.3.1 The Business Strategies for T-MobileIn reference to the problem above, several strategies weed be implemented by T-Mobile during this nook period. Doing nonhing is not an option and passivity will only derive things worse. At a starting point, T-Mobile would view as to addle sure that all the strategies that would be agreed upon would have to be in line with its Mission and Vision. Mission and Vision are the inspiring words that would avail T-Mobile to focus in a secernateicular oriention by keeping its values. The following are the two business strategies of T-Mobile that need to be implemented.3.1.1 Concentrate on continuous support to customers. T-Mobile is dependent on their revenue-paying customers and cannot afford to stand by while those customers decline. One-way to nettle sure T-Mobile survives the stintingal levelturn is to keep focalization on the customers. In a down economy people focus their spending on companies they trust most, as they get choosy. Customers need to be valued, not just for their money, tho overly for whom they are. In order to do this, T-Mobile has to make sure that its staffs are track ing the customers need for a strong sense of belonging and significance. For instance, make sure that staffs are positive and proactive with bangs rather than negative and reactive.Leaders of a large consulting firm have told their staff that they should worry more about their clients than about themselves, thinking up ways their clients can survive, even if every microsecond isnt billable. Generosity might not bring anything now, but help to position for the future, hope safey with healthier customers and bigger ideas.The big threat to T-Mobile is its competitors much(prenominal) as 3G, Virgin, Vodafone, O2 and others and without any doubt, the competitors are also working on strategies of how to survive the down turn. So, T-Mobile has to try its furthermost in delivering big services to its customers.3.1.2 Expand in other countries. Other than the two strategies above, T-Mobile can consider expanding in other part of the planet where inlet is not present and where the markets are on great demand and wide. The secret to survive a recession is opportunity recognition. The initial step in opportunity recognition is to know and believe that there will always be opportunity for those who seek and pursue it.Having focussed a lot in the European market and USA since its existence, T-Mobile might consider penetrating the UAE and Asia markets. For instance, China and India with its high tribe are two countries that are developing at a speedy pace. T-Mobiles right-hand(a) spirit in the Europe and USA is a good precedent for other countries to welcome its presence. Sometimes, it is best method to move away from the recession zone and built from scratch for a better result other than keep fighting in the bush with less profit or no profit at all. Having branches also around the globe would support other branches that are in trouble such as recession, high inflation, political and sanctioned implication or even natural disasters.The strategic plan above addre sses the what which is the answer for the challenges that T-Mobile are facing, the why and as from this point the implementation will address the who, where, when, and how.The Organizational Audit of T-MobileThe first and foremost task that needs to be done in order to implement the above strategies is the gathering of in system in relation to the strategic plan. Organisational take stock or strategy audit is to arm T-Mobile managers with the tools, information, and commitment to evaluate the degree of advantage and focus provided by their current strategies. An audit produces the data need to determine whether a change in strategy is necessary and exactly what changes should be made.T-Mobiles actual direction is the sum of what it does and does not do, how well it is internally aligned to support the strategy, and how viable the strategy is when compared to external market, competitor and financial realities. Thus, the internal assessment and the external or environmental assessm ent, make up the major elements of an organizational audit.The following are the steps that T-Mobile will have to analysed and at the same time make the necessary adjustment before venturing. ammo has to be made available before reaching the battlefield otherwise it will be a disaster before venturing.Before performanceAn digest of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threat of T-MobileAn depth psychology of the political, economical, social, technological, environmental and legal aspect that can impact T-Mobile strategic planAn examination of T-Mobiles stakeholders and how to bring them more closer to achieve the conclusion as one bodyMaking sure that preferences such as human, financial, physical and information resources are available and ready to achieve the objectives togetherDuring ImplementationEnsuring an honest and solid integration between departments. All the elements in the business plan the mission, vision, values, goals, strategy and behaviours need to be understood by each and everyone. Simultaneously, commitment and support are needed throughout the process at all management levels strategic, tactical and operational level.After ImplementationProper monitoring to make certain that targets are achieving in the time frame set and rectifying any issues that may arise in order for the implementation to be a successThe SWOT compend of T-MobileAn examination of the strengths weaknesses, opportunities and threats of T-Mobile, also called the SWOT analysis. Strengths (S) and Weaknesses (W) are considered to be internal factors over which T-Mobile have some measure of control whereas Opportunities (O) and Threats (T) are considered to be external factors over which it has essentially no control. SWOT analysis is the most renowned tool for audit and analysis of the overall strategic position of the business and its environment. Its primeval purpose is to identify the strategies that will create a firm specific business model that will best align an organizations resources and capabilities to the requirements of the environment in which the firm operates.According to David (2006) a SWOT analysis involves specifying the objective of the business venture or project and identifying the internal and external factors that are favourable and hostile to achieve that objective. (David, 2006)Strengths The qualities that enable T-mobile to accomplish its missionT-Mobile has been able to create strong brand equity and also made itself recognized across the Europe and the US. Customers are familiar with the T-Mobiles brand they hold a strong positive and distinctive bond with its name.T-mobile has been able to establish 4G2 network bases in Europe and the same is festering in US. Thus, having a step ahead over its competitors.T-Mobile has got numerous alliances with industry leading corporations in mobile services technologies, allowing it to offer better services to its customers accordingly. For instance, Comcast Cable and T-Mobile USA, Inc. has announced a strategic marketing alliance to offer the T-Mobile Hotspot Wi-Fi Internet service to Comcasts nearly five million high-speed Internet customers. Thus, Comcast customers can experience the convenience, reliability and value of a T-Mobile wireless broadband connection when theyre away from home, via Wi-Fi, at the more than 4,000 T-Mobile Hotspot locations nationwide. (newsroom.t-mobile.com,2012)T-Mobiles has been able to position itself as the third largest mobile company in the world.T-Mobile has rightly chosen its slogan Everything Everywhere. The two words define T-Mobile purpose on the planet, which instantly create some amiable of attachment and curiosity to existing and new customers respectively.T-Mobile was first to salt away Google-based phone in the UK, using android technologyWeaknesses Weaknesses are the qualities that prevent T-Mobile from accomplishing its mission and achieving its full potential.T-mobile has no presence in the key emerging markets of the world although it is classified as the third largest mobile company in the world.Customers have reported complaints in consumeraffair.com. They faced issue such as no signal and dropped calls on the roadside, where there was good coverage for other carriers. (theultimatewireless.com, 2011)Coverage of network is not outstanding in some areas. It some areas it is intermittent where as in some areas it is simply dead coverage of network.Customers are moving from one mobile service to another(prenominal) and brand loyalty is not present in the customers. Retention of customers strategy is absence.Offering limited bandwidth to its customers. The cap of 500 MB restrained T-Mobile subscribers from using the Internet freely.Opportunities The environment within which T-Mobile operates presents OpportunitiesIncreasing 4G-network coverage in the UK would make T-Mobile stand out from the crowd. 4G, also known as LTE (long term evolution), are the future(a) evolution o f mobile network technology.With the customer base that keeps growing steadily, T-Mobile can could easily surprised the world one day to climb the ladder from third to first largest mobile company in the world.T-Mobile could probably expand in ASIA, instead of concentrating only in Europe and the US. China, India and UAE are the key parts in ASIA that T-Mobile could consider expansion.T-Mobile could also amalgamate with other mobile company as it did with Orange mobile company. Thus, more mobile company under the same comprehensive Everything Everywhere.Threats Threats arise when conditions in external environment jeopardize the reliability and profitability of T-MobileIntensifying competition in the UK market. For instance, Virgin Company, 3G mobile Company, O2 and Vodafone Company are the direct rivals of T-Mobile, which T-Mobile has to be very vigilant of.Economic slowdown in the European brotherhood and the US had an adverse effect on T-Mobile. People become very choosy and c autious when it comes to spend money during those economic crises. Proper strategy is important in order to retain and attract new customers.European Union regulation on cross-border cell phone usage by customers (managementparadise, 2011). Sometimes or most of the times Government regulations can be bad for business, such as T-Mobile.6.0 PESTEL Analysis of T-MobileAfter an examination of the SWOT analysis is done, a PESTEL analysis of T-Mobile is essential. They are both commonly used together to get a better understanding of the competitive and economic environment, but they represent two contrasting snugglees. SWOT analysis differs from PESTEL in the sense that, it is more flexible and can be applied to various forms of business functions where as PESTEL analysis is more nonconforming, used only to fully understand the implications of entering a new market.PESTEL Analysis is a convenient tool to analyse the macro-environment, which is also called the far environment. PESTEL is a n acronym that stands for Political, Economical, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal. It is used for determining the opportunities and risks of global expansion. Political, Economical, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal issues often differ domestically and even more so internationally. Hence, it provides a strong framework to set the stage to develop specific tactics to mitigate the risks involved in capital punishment vision in unfamiliar environments such as in strategy (3.1.2) above, expansion in a different country.Political, Government and Legal Forces Political influences tie in to government or constitutional policies that may affect a business and so do legal forces. there were a number of regulatory hurdles that were overcome before the merger was agreed of T-Mobile and Orange. It was by no connotes guaranteed that UK competition authorities would have approved the deal without some stringent requirements, such as obliging the operators to help t o provide rural broadband coverage. These were met and the merger took place back in 2010. (itvoir, 2011).The governments current policies are unable to handle the current riots, which is a direct threat for a healthy business environment, and may affect T-Mobile. So, the actual place of operation are experiencing political, governmental and legal issues representing a barrier for growth. Due to these, T-Mobile has to consider moving in other countries where their political, government and legal system are favourable to operate and grow without any hurdles. T-Mobile would have to make sure that the intended country is politically stable as well its legal system.Economical With economic downturn, the interest rates are at low of 0.5pc. (telegraph, 2010). This is a great opportunity for the consumers in the form of low lending rates. The government is encouraging consumers, which would ignite the stagnant economy. Now this is a good sign for T-Mobile network in two ways. Firstly, they can borrow at lower rates and secondly, it will increase the consumer buying strength as the low rates ignite the economy. But for now the market is quite stagnant and increasing market share looks a bit difficult. (123helpme, 2011)Infact, the strategy of expanding in another country has emerged due to the economic situation that are prevailing in the Europe. Companies including T-Mobile are finding themselves in turmoil to move a step ahead. The economic situation of the intended country needs to be analysed carefully before venturing.Socio-cultural Socio-cultural influences encompass such factors as class, age and gender, demographics as well as issues such as culture both local and international and diversity.When T-Mobile started with its Short Messaging Service (SMS), it was the beginning of the mobile multimedia era. T-Mobile also offers Multimedia Messaging (MMS) Service, which enables customers to institutionalise and receive picture messages. Both SMS and MMS are popular among women and are seen as a social tool for interact (Mintel, 2011) .In the summer of 2002, T-Mobile launched their GPRS (General Pocket Radio Service) which has seen great success ever since. Customers of T-Mobile generally gain access to the most up-to-date handsets, which are very admired for mobile-conscious people.With increasing trends towards the Android based mobiles and tablets, a new market has emerged. Online application stores require high-speed connectivity this has increased the usage of Wi-Fi and Internet based services. Thus, a whole new market for T-Mobile to emerge.Approximately 20% of the population lives without a mobile phone. Not being heavy users of mobiles-by their nature, retired people need less mobile contact than those still going to work. Age groups beyond 55 figure little in to the marketing objectives and advertising targets of the mobile industry. But it will come a day where the older generation will be influenced and find the use of mobiles a nec essity. (mintel, 2011)It is now easier to switch networks more frequently particularly because handsets are now offered free as part of the service when customers sign up to a 12, or more recently 18-month contract. Exceptionally with private customers (not businesses), they can sometimes have their line rental discounted for a number of months depending on the length of agreement. T-Mobile also offers Fix It option, which allows customer to choose their own free minutes and free text messages according to their usage.Technological Better performance and blistering mobile Internet speeds with T-Mobile supercharged 4G networks. Its three times faster than standard 3G.4G network that offers blazing-fast average download speeds of 10Mbps and peak speeds of up to 27Mbps. The market is competitive but T-Mobile is coping well and offering the best to its customers with new 4G networks.T-Mobile can also consider alliances with other companies that already have already a telecommunication lynchpin / structure. Both together, hand in hand can offer an excellent service to their subscribers. For instance, T-Mobile and COMCAST in USA came together to better serve their customers. A reference from (newsroom.tmobile, 2012)Comcast Cable and T-Mobile USA, Inc. today announced a strategic marketing alliance to offer the T-Mobile Hotspot Wi-Fi Internet service to Comcasts nearly five million high-speed Internet customers. With todays announcement, Comcast customers can experience the convenience, reliability and value of a T-Mobile wireless broadband connection when theyre away from home, via Wi-Fi, at the more than 4,000 T-Mobile Hotspot locations nationwide. As part of this strategic marketing alliance, Comcast high-speed Internet customers will receive a special offer when they sign up for T-Mobile Hotspot through their Comcast portal homepage. Comcast customers who subscribe to the T-Mobile Hotspot service can surf the Web, check email or view streaming media at wireles s broadband speeds with a Wi-Fi enabled laptop or PDA at T-Mobile Hotspot locationsThese kinds of alliances would rapidly spread the name of T-Mobile around the intended country.Environmental Although there is no evidence that they are harmful to public health, transmitter masts are regarded by many as an unwelcome presence in the environment, especially when they are close to schools. Discarded handsets also constitute an environmental problem because of the hazardous materials they contain.For a better world for you is T-Mobiles environmental motto (t-mobile, 2011). The aim is to minimize their business impact on the environment and all T-Mobile companies in Europe have implemented environmental management programs in order to reduce waste and energy consumption. Other solutions how to safeguard a green environment is continuously reviewed. As demands of new technology increases, more base stations is inevitable but T-Mobile recognizes genuine public concern over mobile communica tion theory phones and network infrastructure.Nevertheless, it is worth for T-Mobile to check if its presence would cause any environmental issues in the intended country.The significance of Stakeholders Diagram from Mindtools.comHaving known the information about the macro-environment, it is also vital to analyse T-Mobiles microenvironment (Stakeholders), which is also referred to the near environment. As can be seen from the diagram, an organisation is surrounded by both the near and the far environment. Any modification in them has an impact on the organisation.According to Ryan (2004), a stakeholder is anyone who has a financial interest in a particular business and according to businessdictionary.com (2009), a stakeholder is a person, group or organization that has interest or concern in an organization. Stakeholders can affect or be affected by the organizations actions, objectives and policies. Some examples of key stakeholders are creditors, directors, employees, government (and its agencies), owners (shareholders), suppliers, unions, and the community from which the business draws its resources.T-Mobile has the following stakeholdersCustomersCompetitorsSuppliersStaffsInvestors and ShareholdersCreditors7.1 Loyal customers are the lifeblood of businesses and in order to retain them, T-Mobile has to spend time and listen to their customers when developing strategies. They have to get closer to their customers to better understand their needs and concerns and to anticipate their desires. Customer requirements are constantly changing as lifestyles keep on changing. Adding up to the down turn, attention should be more focussed as explain in strategy at (3.1.1) above. Customers should become the focal point as T-Mobile need them to at least survived in such a difficult period.Customers become choosy before spending a penny and their expectations are high too. So, T-mobile has to provide an outstanding and a unique service, which is not comparable to their c ompetitors. Customers should not get the chance or should not at all attempt to make a complaint like in the examples in (3.1.1) instead all the good words should be heard from customers. Failure to do so would compel customers to look for other alternatives, such as looking for another providers, which can be done at a click on the Internet.In relation to the second strategy, the approach to customers would defer. T-Mobile has to research about the market, the culture, the buying pattern, the cost and standard of living. T-Mobile should get the trusts and build a good relationship of the new market right at the beginning. There should be proper marketing, deals and offers to attract the new market.7.2 An awareness of the competitors position in the market place needs to be known. To do that, a competitive analysis needs to be performed and the diagram below might help. It analyses the strength in four important areas such as Creativity, level of service, the cost that might incurre d and the reputation position.Diagram from Managingabusiness.comCompetitive analysis of the marketplace demonstrated that the major competitors had a poor reputation and were not perceived to be innovative or adding value. Hence, dower T-Mobile to be at the forefront of the game. For instance, the android technology was a good shot for T-Mobile. The latter is famously known to be the first provider to introduce it.7.3 Other forces that can have an adverse effect on the changes are the suppliers. Without suppliers support, businesses including T-Mobile would not be able to survive or even exist. The bargaining power of suppliers and the actions they take can directly influence an organization. So, an excellent relationship is imperative and long terms reasonable contract should be maintained between T-Mobile and its different suppliers to gain competitive edge over its competitors. For examples, Blackberry, Nokia, Samsung, Sony Ericson, Alcatel are among its suppliers.7.4 Staffs say ings, interests and contribution are also vital to T-Mobile growth. Workforce is directly impacted on an organizations performance. In an economic downturn, employees become increasingly anxious about job security and financial worries, satisfaction with the job they have, commitment to their company and engagement with their work are all affected detrimentally. This trend could be self-fulfilling in that disengaged employees could have a negative impact on T-Mobiles products or services and lead to its decline, which would inevitably see the company failing.The employees concerned are about whether or not they would keep their jobs and whether or not they would be compensated if their company did not survive the recession. So, T-Mobile has serious reason to be concerned about the emotional well being of their employees by constantly motivating them, involving them, re-assuring them, appreciating them and rewarding them.7.5 Investors and shareholders concern are necessary to conside r, as they are injectors of capitals and cash into the business. Their main concern is the success of the business without interfering about the mechanisms to make it successful. All the answers about how to tackle potential risks need to be explained to them in order to reassure the return on their investments. Recently T-Mobile USA has failed to impress the MetroPCS Communications shareholders, which has disrupted a merger between them due to a overhaul in revenue by 5.9% to $ 4.9 billion. (new.investors.com, 2012). Well, thats a bad example to convince the other parties to join T-Mobile. Confidence is very important to investment in a recession.5.6 Creditors are also important stakeholders who definitely have an interest in T-Mobile growth. If they were not willing to lend more money then the latter would be in deep dilemma. So, good credit scoring, positive financial statement such as profit loss account, balance sheet and cash melt statement would be desirable to convince cr editors for the ongoing money borrowing.Good professional relationships with the stakeholders and regularly interacting with the stakeholders are crucial for project completion. Organizing regular meetings with stakeholders, accompanied by documentation, will help boost the confidence levels of shareholders. Lack of regular communication with stakeholders will instill in the minds of the stakeholders needless apprehensions and unfounded fears. Thus, the above stakeholders analysis is crucial to T-Mobile, as any sort of reluctance on their behalf would have an adverse effect, which may to lead to losing subscribers and goes bankrupt.8.0 Resource Requirements to Implement the Strategy for T-MobileAnother aspect that is of import for T-Mobile to look at before actually implement the above strategy is the availability of resources and allocating them effectively for the benefit of the strategy. To organize the operational process of a Company, resource is a basic element of that compan y. A resource or set of resources helps organization to obtain competitive advantage. When the resources are combined they can lead to the formation of competencies and capabilities.According to Kourdi (2009), A better approach is to adopt a rigorous, dynamic and time-based view of resources, the factors driving success or failure. That is, success is determined by whether resources sustain or decline.8.1 Human resource Having just a pool of staffs is not enough but a well trained and experience team is needed. The first stage of implementing the strategy plan is to make sure to have the right people on board. The right people include those individuals with required competencies and skills that are needed to support the plan. In the months following the planning process, expand employee skills through training, insertment, or new hires to include new competencies required by the strategic plan.If T-Mobile cannot afford to recruit then to reinforce the workforce, re-shuffling of em ployees to perform different jobs is important. This can be done through job rotation, job enlargement and job enrichment. It is also a mean to motivate staffs, as the latter feel valued in knowing and performing different tasks. T-Mobile has to ensure high morale at works, involving staffs in decision-making, creating team spirits, providing good working environment and friendly frequent meeting. In short, T-Mobile should create an environment that connects employees to the organizations mission and that makes them feel comfortable. To reinforce the importance of focusing on strategy and vision, reward success. The rewards may be big or small, as long as they lift the strategy above the day-to-day so people make it a priority.T-Mobile directly employs around 36,000 people. It has 300 retail shops and 13 million mobile customers. (T-Mobile, 2011). They are the part of the biggest mobile operator (Everything Everywhere) In UK. (bizyahoo, 2011). It has a young, eager and trained workf orce across the country that can be re-shuffling to work in other countries if T-mobile is considering expanding in other countries like China. Since the workforce is young, they will be easily adept to the new technology of the merging company, for instance, Blackberry.8.2 Financial resource T-Mobile would need to have sufficient funds. The answer to this would be analysis of the Balance sheet. Stakeholders support like Shareholders, investors and creditors support are primary a

Eulogy for Father :: Eulogies Eulogy

Eulogy for FatherI stand before you forthwith to pay my last respects, and to say my final goodbyes, to my father Harry.I endure to admit at the outset that it is very difficult to do this. The difficulty is not notwithstanding due to the obvious causes -- the sadness, the grief, and the sense of loss. Nor is it due to the confrontation with death in its utter finality, and the resulting fear regarding ones own mortality.No, this is difficult for me primarily because of all of the bleak handicraft that I have with my father. And while a part of me continues to nurture the hope that, had he lived longer, I would have been able to finish my business, I have to ac cutledge that this is not true.Because, the fact is, it is very hard for paroles to ever attain a really clear perspective on their own fathers.I know this to be true from my 20 years of experience as a psychologist whose central interest has been fatherhood.In the Fatherhood Course that I teach, this issue of son-father business usually comes up in the first class. We might be talking about why the men decided to enroll in the course, and after a few guys give the standard reasons, and others make some quips, the mood palpably shifts to serious as one father speaks, lower lip quivering You deprivation to know why I am here? Ill tell you why I am here. I am here so that my little son Timmy will not feel as bad about me when hes grown up as I do about my own dad. The mans words flash the room like a hurricane, and soon the theme of father son business is on every mans lips. The fathers then become sons and talk about the grief, distress and bitterness they feel toward their own fathers. Lets go into the classroom now, so that you can hear these mens voicesI never know what my father thought. He just would never talk about himself.I know he loved us because he was a good provider. He worked two jobs in graze to put all five of us though parochial school and several of us though college. But I nev er knew if he want me.To this day I wonder what he really thinks of me. Is he proud of me?Every time I call home, Dad answers the phone, and it usually goes like this Hi.

How Do Pre 1914 Writers Create Mystery And Suspense Essay -- English L

How Do Pre 1914 Writers Create Mystery And Suspense In Their ShortStories?Common themes in the stories of the nineteenth light speed are horror,mystery and the unexplained. This is because in the Victorian times,people were concerned with problems such as superstition andwitchcraft. Common features of Victorian short stories are paranoidcharacters. The stories The shrivel up Arm, The Red Room and TheSignalman teach a modern audience the results and consequences ofsuperstition and paranoia.The Withered Arm was written by Thomas Hardy. It is about a woman whois trying to bring up her illegitimate son while she tries to overcomeher jealousy as her sons father brings home his new beautiful wife.The important message that Thomas Hardy is trying to get across to thereader is that you should be careful what you wish for as it may cometrue. Also that what goes more or less comes around. The main character inthis story is Rhoda Brook, the mother of farmer Lodges son. In thestory she is de scribed as a thin fading woman of cardinal this showsthat she is slowly wasting away. Rhoda Brooks is a obscurecharacter because the reader doesnt know whether Rhoda is a witch ornot, Thomas Hardy doesnt reveal this fact because it makes the storymysterious and leaves the reader wondering. Another reason why Rhodais mysterious is because of relationship with farmer Lodge and theirbaby together. Rhoda is also mysterious because she was once beautifulThe radiance lit her pale check, and made her dark eyes, that hadonce been handsome, seem handsome anew. The Red Room was written by H.G rise up the story is about a man who istrying to find out whether a room in the Lorraine castle is haunted ornot. The mess... ...on, pathetic hallucination and has more descriptions in it.Also because it enables the reader to visualise the settings better. Ithink that the setting in The Signalman represent loneliness. Thesetting in The Red Room represents paranoia and panic and the settingin The Wi thered Arm represent fear and superstition.Therefore, Victorian writers successfully created mysterious shortstories through using chapters, less characters and detailed setting.The closely effective story is The Withered Arm this is because it hasthe most imaginative and interesting story line. Also because ThomasHardy doesnt reveal everything to the reader as it lets them debateover whether Rhoda is a witch or not. It shows a modern audience theeffects and consequences of superstition. The moral or message of thestory may pack been be careful what you wish for as it may come true.

Change in Roman Fever by Edith Wharton Essay -- Coincedence Edith Whar

Change in Roman Fever by Edith WhartonChance (or coincidence) has an uncertain role in the outcome ofdifferent situations it can work in or against ones favour. As inreal life, happen in literature has considerable influence on thecircumstances of the characters and where those circumstances lead. In two particular literary works, Roman Fever and A Small, Good Thing,chance happenings have grave results on the lives of the charactersconcerned. In Roman Fever, old friends meet by chance and revealdisturbing secrets intimately the past while in A Small, Good Thing a boyis injured on his birthday placing his parents in a desperatesituation. Although chance generally seems to go unheededaspontaneous purchase of candles, followed by a power failuretheimpact it makes is often not so subtle. Edith Wharton, author of Roman Fever, depicts two hurrying class womenfriends one, Mrs. Slade, fiercely jealous of the other and the other,Mrs. Ansley, pitiful of her childhood friend. The depiction is realin that it epitomizes the American upper class wiferesponsibilitiesinclude make the husband happy and entertaining his guests atypical day may consists of shopping, lunch and the exchange ofrumours with the other wives of other rich husbands in essence, theywaste past the time until the rich husband arrives home from work oruntil he makes a request. Mrs. Slade, in reflection, felt a certainconjugal pride about being such a wife (Wharton, 84). The mostprominent aspect of such individuals presented by Wharton is the limitin which they will endeavour to undermine even off a supposed friend toachieve an end, generally the richest husband. And, of course, withsuch rules of play, one needs all the ... ...mall, GoodThing, while its effects were tragic it also had a few positiveimplications. However, the same aspect of chance holds true in bothcases though its effects rarely go unnoticed, its role in events some always do. If it were at all anticipatory Alida would havepondered the possibility of Grace responding to the letter and Annwould have dropped her son at school that day. Indeed, if chance werepredictable it would costless its very nature its swaying force would befutile and life would go on otherwise unruffled.Works CitedCarver, Raymond. A Small, Good Thing. A Pocket Anthology thirdEd. R.S. Gwynn. New York Longman, 2002. 304-326.Chance. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English LanguageFourth Ed. Houghton Mifflin Company, 2000. www.atomica.com.Wharton, Edith. Roman Fever. A Pocket Anthology Third Ed. 81-93.

Street Racing Essay -- Racing Sport Sports Cars Essays

Street RacingThe intricacies that are elusive in turning a regular car into a Street racing car are m both and racers pour their souls into these magnificent machines. After seeing the Fast and the Furious many people have or wanted to become involved in street racing. They do not realize that this is a sport that takes knowledge, hard work, and nerve. Many of these racers have spent their lives under a car, learning the divvy up and improving upon it. As I have learned, this is not just a hobby it is a way of life. This lifestyle does carry a price, racers face persecution from practice of law and the general public. They have their cars impounded and defaced by those who reject racing. Having a racer is not illegal, but some of the things people do with them are. This is what the general public does not understand. The angriness* is a legal racing circuit that embraces Street Racers. It gives the much-needed outlet to build magnificent cars and race them leg all in ally. Poli ce are not the only worry on a racers mind. Death, fraud, and theft are the dark side of this moon. Some racers lack legitimate funds for equipment, and they resort to theft and fraud. This is where the misconceptions of the general public resonate. Yes there is moodyensive activity and laws are broken, but in everything there is a good and bad. So I warn anyone who pursues this life, enjoy the good, and be ready for the bad. What drives these racers to this lifestyle? They have an dependance to speed. The six-cylinder engine fuels this need for speed. Some may think that their two hundred thousand dollar car is fast, with these engine modifications will have an Accord blowing the doors off a Ferrari. The six-cylinder engine has six pistons pumping in six cylinders hence, the name. Fuel is injected and burned causing gas compression (picture a shaken soda bottle). This compression forces the pistons up and down that move your car. With compression in the cylinder, the Turbo comes into play. If two balloons were filled with air, one half and the other full, which would go faster? This is the job of the Turbo. Burning requires air, and when you introduce more than air a fire is larger and hotter. It forces compressed air into the engine, letting it burn more air each time the pistons pump increasing tramp**. There is a draw gumption to more air, more heat in the engine. Heat in the engine makes the air d... ...d slows, this is how the spoiler helps. To add more push to the back of the car, the angle and height of the spoiler is increased. This is why some normal cars have little spoiler for show and racers use them for performance. There is a problem to adding all of these parts to a car, weight. As I have said the racers have adapted to this problem. They have lightened their cars by using carbon-fiber** parts.4 They are strong and half as light at metal, so racers can add these parts and not desex dragged downliterally. A warning to those who read this , do not get dragged down into the dark side of racing. Racing on streets is dangerous. If you enhance a car like this, it should be raced only on a legal strip. A ten-second rush is not worth killing yourself or others. Work hard and be fair. If you do this you will always win. I hope to have helped any curious person who wanted to know how people make these racers. I wanted to dispel the stereotypes of racers and their lifestyle. Yes, some of this lifestyle is dark but most racers are kids who love cars. They whole-heartedly adopt the dogma that, Nothing else matters, and for those ten seconds or less theyre free. 5

Overview of the Sport Softball Essay -- essays research papers

George Hancocks first intention was to come up with a way for base globe players to stay in practice during the winter. Instead, on September 16, 1887 in Chicago, he invented a whole new sport, the first version of softball. It was referred to then as just Indoor Baseball. The first game of baseball consisted of a boxing glove tied into a ball and a broom handle which was used as the bat. After the game was successful with a score of 44-40, Hancock developed a ball and a bat that could be used to play the game. The new sport was moved outside the conterminous year. Another version of softball came about when Lewis Rober, Sr. organized an outdoor game to be used as exercise for firefighters. It was called kitten ball, pumpkin ball, or diamond ball. His game used a ball with a circumference of 12 inches whereas Hancocks game used a ball with a circumference of 16 inches. When sports that were fairly the same were being played all over with different rules and names, the Joint Rules Co mmittee on Softball was formed and standardized the rules and the name, Softball.The rules of softball batch be easily altered yet there are some basic rules no matter how it is played. It is a strike if a legally toss ball is swung at and missed by a batter or when a foul ball is not caught when the batter has less than two strikes. A ball is called when a legally pitched ball does not enter the strike zone or passs the ground before reaching the home plate, provided only if the batter had not attempted to swing. A ball is also called when the pitch is illegal. The batter must always run when a fair ball is hit. If a fair ball or foul ball is caught by an opponent before it hits the ground, the batter is out. When four b... ..., fair ball, is a batted ball is hit into fair territory. Fair territory is the part of the playing field within and including first base and third base foul lines from home base to the understructure of the playing field. A foul ball is a ball that is hit into foul territory. A dead ball is a ball that is not in play. Any ball that is hit into the air is called a fly ball. The strike zone is the space over the home-plate, which is between the batters armpits and the top of the knees when the batter is in batting position. An overthrow is a play in which a ball is thrown from one fielder to another to try to retire a base-runner who hasnt gotten to or is by a base. The team in the field is called the defensive team. The team at bat is called the offensive team. The batting order is the official listing of offensive players in the order to go up to bat.